Theme Of Womens Stockings In Death Of A Salesman - 889 Words

Women’s stockings is the motif in the play. What is the significance of the womens stockings in the play? In the ‘Death of a Salesman’ the significance of the womens stockings is presented as a motif throughout the play. This is a vital part as the reader is discovering that Willy, the â€Å"well known† salesman had an affair. Even though Willy has a supportive and loving wife, he still goes out and seeks pleasure from another woman due to his loneliness â€Å"I get so lonely†. Throughout the play the stockings themselves are presented many times. The significance of the stockings shows how commitment is presented between Willy and Linda as the motif that their relationship is clearly falling apart due to the affair. Linda is not aware of the†¦show more content†¦Back to the flashback Willy gets in act one where the other woman says â€Å".. thanks for the stockings. I love a lot of stockings,† The importance of the stocking once agai n grows, as we figure out why Willy cannot stand Linda mending stockings with him around and why they make him angry â€Å"I won’t have you mending stockings in this house! Now throw them out!†. With the remembrance whenever Willy sees his wife with those stockings the urgency of guilt comes passing through him â€Å"I’ll make it up to you Linda† proving that even though he is guilty he knows he has made an utter mistake of betray Linda. Telling us that he willing to change what he has done even though Willy Loman is a man who cannot be changed. Irony is portrayed throughout the motif of the womens stockings in the ‘Death of a Salesman’. Willy â€Å"cause i get so lonely† this is ironic as he is lonely but every time his wife Linda would want to talk he would say â€Å"I’m tired† with that said Linda would not continue any further, mainly because she had no choice, her husband did not want to talk any further, therefore m aking her comply with his wishes. As the only duties Linda ever had was to take care of her family and the house, but when her family did not want to talk she had nothing else to do, but think of how to make situations better, due to her son’s being â€Å"lost† and her husband out on business she accumulated a lot of time to build up an â€Å"infiniteShow MoreRelatedBenetton Family8592 Words   |  35 Pagesday in a tiny knitting business, producing scratchy, somber-colored woolen sweaters. At night, she used a borrowed knitting machine to make her own brightly colored designs. Her brother Luciano, who was then 20 and had worked as a mens clothing salesman in Treviso, realized his 17-year-old sisters talent. The two siblings sold their bicycle and accordion and scraped together enough cash to buy their first secondhand knitting machine in 1955. Then Luciano sold a small collection of Giulianas knittedRead MoreEssay about The Results of Children in Fatherless Homes160 87 Words   |  65 Pagesequality and diversity with an impressive body of evidence that suggests that not all family structures produce equal outcomes for children? How can we square traditional notions of public support for dependent women and children with a belief in womens right to pursue autonomy and independence in childbearing and child-rearing? How do we uphold the freedom of adults to pursue individual happiness in their private relationships and at the same time respond to the needs of children for stability,Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesconfident of turning its operation around, only to find that Rubbermaid’s problems were not easily corrected and that they negatively impacted Newell’s fortunes as well. What do you do now? In April 1992, just outside Paris, Disney opened its first theme part in Europe. It had high expectations and supreme self-confidence (critics later called it arrogance). The earlier Disney parks in California, Florida, and more recently Japan were all spectacular successes. But rosy expectations became a delusionRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesindustrial and automotive pollution. Indian caste system: Members of the highest priestly castes, the Brahmans, are generally vegetarians (although some Bengali and Maharashtrian Brahmans eat fish) and avoid eating meat, the product of violence and death. High-ranking Warrior castes (Kshatriyas), however, typically consume nonvegetarian diets, considered appropriate for their traditions of valor and physical strength. A Brahman born of proper Brahman parents retains his inherent purity if he bathesRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagestrains his companys sales force to go after the consumer. He repeatedly asks his team to bear in mind the essential fact that it is the sales teams responsibility to rouse the consumers interest and make him feel that he needs the product. A true salesman is one who can co nvert an indifferent consumer walking into the store into a new customer. Johnson believes in the ________ concept. A) product B) production C) selling D) marketing E) social responsibility Answer: C Page Ref: 18 Objective:Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCreative Style Assessment 226 Scoring Key 226 Comparison Data 226 SKILL PRACTICE Applying Conceptual Blockbusting 227 Observer’s Feedback Form 227 Answer to Matchstick Problem in Figure 3.4 229 Answer to Shakespeare Riddle in Figure 3.5 229 Some Common Themes Applying to Water and Finance 229 Answer to Name That Ship Problem in Figure 3.6 230 Answer to Nine-Dot Problem in Figure 3.7 230 Answer to Embedded Pattern Problem in Figure 3.8 231 PART II 4 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS

Sociological Perspectives and the Social Institution of...

Sociological Perspectives and the Social Institution of the Family Society is the subject of the social sciences. Generally Speaking society is that complex social organization of human beings that share an identity inhabiting dynamic relationships and a distinctive culture. Members of a society identify themselves through that society and work together with other members to ensure that the rules, generally agreed upon by all members to govern how they relate to each other, are in place. Sociological perspectives are viewpoints from which we study and understand society and its varied mechanics and elements. There are varied sociological perspectives available to social scientists for the purpose of study. What sociological†¦show more content†¦From a functionalist perspective, how can a member of a family view self and society? First off, the self-view will be rooted in function and expectations. The father for example will view himself as one who must provide for and protect his family based on standard expectations of what fathers do an d what fatherhood means in the society he belongs to. He will view society as one of function and structure as well where his family makes up a unit integral to the functioning social groups he/his family belongs. Roles then will become part of the expected mental images a functionalist perspective gives in terms of viewing family and society. Thus, the roles of mother, father, daughter, son, aunt, uncle, grandparents, cousins - all these are based on social and cultural standards. This extends out to expected roles and functions of key individuals in society as well as social groups (i.e. Priest, teachers, politicians, employers, church, government, businesses, etc.). In terms of social change, if change is systemic, it will be based on or will have to be rooted in the need to overhaul or affect a particular function for the purpose of adapting to or surviving challenges, conflicts or trends. Take for example the trend of and the established need to adapt to new communication techn ologiesShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Social Institutions On Caribbean Culture1223 Words   |  5 PagesSocietal Institutions On Caribbean Culture and Society Objectives †¢ Gain a thorough understanding of the different social institutions: family, education, political systems †¢ Understand the main ideas of the Marxist and Functionalist perspectives †¢ Understand the Marxist and perspective on social institutions Functionalist Social Institutions †¢ Social Institutions are a fundamental part of the operations of society. They are the major organising framework in social life. Social institutions haveRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective Or Imagination, Cite Its Components, And Explain How They Were Defined By C.974 Words   |  4 Pages1- Define the sociological perspective or imagination, cite its components, and explain how they were defined by C. Wright Mills. The sociological Taboo (or imagination) is defined as a way of thinking that help us use external information and experience to form theories about the social pattern around us. We collect data and from that information, we make judgments and predictions. These require going beyond one’s point of view. People s life and experiences are different. Therefore, it is importantRead MoreP1 Unit 71069 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the principle sociological perspectives. In this assignment I will be explaining some of the different sociological perspectives in today’s society. The sociological perspectives which I will be explaining will be Functionalism, Marxism, Feminism, and interactionism, Collectivism, Postmodernism and The New Right. The first perspective which I will be explaining will be Functionalism. Functionalism is the view that our society is based onagreed norms and values. A norm is social rules that defineRead MoreEssay on what is the sociological perspective (imagination)691 Words   |  3 PagesQuestion 1: What is the sociological perspective? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What is the nature of the social sciences? This is the question that began the study of society, first performed by C. Wright Mills in his development of the idea of the sociological imagination. There are many different aspects to the sociological perspective. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines perspective as â€Å"the capacity to view things in their true relations or relative importance†Read MoreIs There A Sociology Of Love?1046 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationships Sociological perspectives are theories that we use in the sociological world to view our social environment. These are principles set in sociology to answer, illustrate, describe or relate to a certain phenomenon, to give us a perception on a subject. The sociology theories are to enable us to analyse, predict or explain our social sphere. There are macro and micro level analysis of how perspectives work. I am going to evaluate contrasting sociological perspectives to assess particularRead MoreThe Four Aspects Of Sociology And Their View On The Media1197 Words   |  5 Pages macro, systematic theory based on the role of social institutions. Functionalists typically see every institution as having its own role in society, all institutions working alongside one another to create value consensus and social solidarity. This theory is called the organic analogy, comparing society to the human body and such if an institution is not serving its purpose then it is in need of reform. The me dia is one of the social institutions that play a role in society. Functionalist stateRead More Sociological Imagination Essay582 Words   |  3 Pages To understand the term `Sociological Imagination, it is important to identify what Sociology is and what do sociologists study. It is also vital to look at the three basic concerns of the sociological imagination or perspective, which include Social Structure, Social Institutions and Social Processes. Moreover, it is necessary to understand what C. Wright Mills means when he mentions the personal troubles of milieu and the public issues of social structure, and how it helps usRead MoreThe Idea Of â€Å"Family† Holds Various Meanings For Everyone1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of â€Å"family† holds various meanings for everyone depending on their rituals, symbols, ideology, and situatedness in time, place, and culture. A biologist may define family as a group involving all descendants of a common ancestor. A criminologist may define family as a group of people united in criminal activity. A sociologist may define family as a fundamental social group in society consistent of one or two parents and the children they raise. Historically, people have considered a nuclearRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills986 Words   |  4 PagesMills Chapter Summary â€Å"Yet Men do not usually define the troubles they endure in terms of historical change and institution contradiction.† Stated from chapter one of â€Å"The Classic Readings in Sociology† which was based on â€Å"The Sociology Imagination† by C. Wright Mills. As our Sociology 131 class study the works of C. Wright Mills, we learn and examine his views. We learn how he view other things such as marriage, war, and the limitations of men. His view of war is that both sides playRead MoreEssay Sociology676 Words   |  3 Pagesmajor sociological theoretical paradigms. For each, what are the key tenets? How does each explain how society works? Functionalist Perspectives† also known as Structural-Functional Paradigm†- â€Å"The sociological approach that views society as a stable, orderly system. According to this perspective, a society is composed of interrelated parts, each of which serves a function and (ideally) contributes to the overall stability of the society. Societies develop social structures, or institutions that

Aiims and Objectives Free Essays

Task 1 – The aims and objectives of Tesco Nike Aims: An aim is a goal of which a business wants to achieve. For example, some businesses aim to expand whilst others aim to survive. Another aim that a business can have is selling as much as possible whilst others aim to improve the quality of their products. We will write a custom essay sample on Aiims and Objectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Objective: An objective is what a business wants to achieve but more precise targets than aim. For example an objective for a business can be to sell 1000 more products than we sold last year, sell more products than its competitors, make ? 0,000 more profit than the previous year. Aim vs Objective: The difference between an aim and an objective is that an objective is more precise and measureable than an aim. For example an aim can be to make more profit, whilst an objective can be to make ? 10,000 more profit than the previous year. The best type of objectives is a SMART objective. SMART stands for the following; S – Specific M – Measurable A – Agreed R – Realistic T – Time constrained An example of a SMART objective is ‘to increase in sales of organic products to ? 1 billion by 2006’. This is a specific objective, it is also measurable and is time constrained it must be achieved by 2006, given customer interest in organic product, it is also realistic, and if this objective has also been agreed with suppliers and store managers, this it is a SMART objective, but if Tesco had merely said it wanted ‘to increase sales of organic product’ then this is not SMART, and it also cannot be measured easily. Why an objective must be measurable? An objective of a business must be measurable in order to see if the business has reached its aim, however if it is necessary a business can change its objective in order to meet its aim. A business can make its objective measurable; instead of saying we will make more profit. A business can make its objective measurable by giving it a time to measure; therefore a measurable objective can be we will make ? 10,000 more profit than the previous year. Aims of Nike: †¢ Nike is aiming to upgrade its profit by more than 50% in the next five years. From the Internet. †¢ Nike is aiming on developing low-cost canvas footwear in developing countries in the next 3 years. From the Internet. †¢ Nike is aiming to keep their brand as the largest sportswear brand in the world, by preventing Adidas from outshining them. From the Internet. †¢ By the next year Nike is aiming to show in its adverts, and annual reports that it has good intentions with regards to working conditions. From the Internet. †¢ Nike is aiming for 50% Revenue Growth over Next Five Years. From the Internet. †¢ Nike is aiming to upgrade its volume more than 50% in the next fives years. From the Internet. Aims of Tesco: †¢ Tesco is aiming to upgrade its profit by more than 50% in the next five years. From the Internet. †¢ Tesco is aiming to understand their customers better than anyone in the next 3 years. From the Internet. Tesco is aiming to make their company the largest supermarket in the next 8 years, by outshining global competitors such as Wal-Mart and Carrefour. From the Internet. †¢ Tesco are aiming to provide 150 more organic products than the previous year. From the Internet. †¢ By the next year Tesco is aiming to show in its adverts, and annual reports that it has good intentions with regards to working conditions. From the Internet. Aims and objectives of Tesco and Nike: All types of businesses including Tesco and Nike must be professionally organised in order to achieve the aims and objectives that it has set itself. Businesses including Tesco and Nike must have aims to find out which department that they need to improve in, in order to improve the business as a whole. Businesses including Tesco and Nike must make objectives to find out how they are going to achieve the aims that it has set itself. Why the aims and objectives of Nike and Tesco differ: The aims and objectives of my two chosen organisation which are called Tesco and Nike differ because Tesco is more like a supermarket which sells foods, and also non-food goods and services such as jewellery, books, CDs, and clothes. Whilst Nike is more like a giant sports organisation which doesn’t sell non-food goods, but it sells sports products such as trainers and clothes. The main objective of Nike is to protect and improve Nike’s position as the number one athletic brand in America and around the world; this proves that Nike has the ambition to make their organisation as big as possible, Nike are only interested in expanding their organisation. Comparison of business aims: Moreover Tesco’s main objective is to take over Homebase and Argos in sales of homeware, electrical goods and services, this proves that Tesco doesn’t want to only be known as a food retailer organisation, but they also want to be known as an organisation which also offers their customers competitive prices in homeware, and electrical goods and services. Tesco and Nike have different aims because they’re in different categories of business, moreover they are also in a different sector of business and ownership. Tesco try to fulfil the needs of their customers, they do this by providing their customers with products which are of good quality. Tesco’s main aim to improve the popular products that are amongst their customers that they already have; thereafter they should bring in more products that their customers are in need of. Furthermore, in present time Tesco are trying to progress their company in the electronic, gaming and clothing sector at an affordable cost. So as a result even though its only of a minority Tesco also happen to cover some other sectors such as; clothing, gaming and electronic. Tesco will choose aims that suit them and are reasonable in other words aims that can be achieved. Tesco acknowledge that fact that other branded products will be expensive to buy and will not suit the company as in order to make great profits the prices of the products must be sold expensively, therefore in order to sort out this problem Tesco have made their own brand of high quality of products at a low and reasonable price, hence Tesco has the title of being one of the cheapest supermarkets in Britain. However other supermarkets such as Asda and Sainsbury’s also have their own branded products. Tesco posses a great quality that all businesses crave to posses; and that quality is none other than the fact that Tesco is incredibly organised. I know for a fact that Tesco are organised, because I remember going to Tesco and I witnessed the fact that products that are relevant are in the same section so that it makes easier for the customers to find their desired product and compare the prices with similar products for example they locate baby products in the same section near each other, so that parents looking to buy baby cereal and baby yoghurt will not suffer the exhaustion of travelling to the other end of the supermarket. Tesco also name the sections so that customers don’t get confused. The thing that I also like about Tesco is that they locate baby stuff in sections that are near to each other so once again the customer doesn’t need to walk across to the other side of the supermarket to get a cereal and the other side to get pampers. However other supermarket that I’ve seen with my own eyes such as Asda also do this. I say that Tesco and Asda are the most organised supermarket in Britain ( Judging from my own eyes), Both supermarkets have new/ products with special offers near the entrance; they use this method to make sure that new/ products with special offers is the first thing that the customers sees, hence the customer will not miss the special offer or a new product. Another reason why they do this is because Tesco acknowledges the fact that customers like to see what’s new and that if they can’t find the new roduct/s then they will start to ask the staff, this will make them busy and also stop the staff from concentrating on their work. Nike is a company that sells and manufacture all type of sports wear and products. The advantages that Nike has are that they both manufacture and sell products that their customers have an interest in. In order for Nike to sell more goods and services they (Nike) sponsor sport stars such as Cristiano Ronaldo, Roger Federer and Tiger Woods. You can observe that these sport stars are one of the best and on top in their profession, hence they have a big fan base and these fans like to imitate their idols and wear similar clothing; due to the fact these sports stars posses an enormous fan base is noteworthy because it will mean that the fans will buy the Nike products, that the sports stars are wearing. However this doesn’t come in cheap, as the sports stars get paid an enormous amount for wearing the Nike clothing range. The followings is how much each Sport star get paid by Nike. †¢ Cristiano Ronaldo – Currently gets ? 6 million a year sponsorship. †¢ Roger Federer – Currently gets ? 8. 4607875 million a year sponsorship †¢ Tiger Woods – Currently gets ? 13. 0165962 million a year sponsorship Although these Sports stars get paid generously, I however think that they are worth it ‘because they have helped Nike to generate sales. However Adidas who are Nike’s competition also have endorsement deals for Sport starts most notably David Beckham. However my other business (Tesco) will not be able to sponsor sports stars as their main speciality is by selling food products especially groceries and sport stars are not relevant to what they sell therefore the sport stars won’t be able to generate more profit for Tesco moreover the other reason is that Nike’s financial situation is better than Tesco’s therefore Tesco won’t afford to pay the enormous amount anyways that is needed to pay these huge sports stars with enormous fan base behind them. The aims and objectives of Tesco and Nike is differs because Nike is very different to Tesco as Nike only has few Niketowns shops as they sell their wide range of sports products to shops such as JD and Sports Direct but Tesco sell their own branded products and products that are not Tesco branded therefore Nike and Tesco will have different aims and objectives as both the businesses are ran differently and located in different areas. Moreover it can also be different because all the Niketowns I see are densely populated such as the one in Oxford, moreover Nike products can be bought in batch (shops such as JD and Sports Direct buy in batch, because they will save capital from buying in batch) but this cannot be done in Tesco as Tesco locate themselves in a location near some type of estate which has a lot of people there so that their customers don’t take long journeys and as a result goods and services are sold individually; because of this fact the aims and objectives of Tesco and Nike will differ. Nike have factories to make their products whilst Tesco buy their goods and services from other people whilst they also sell their own branded products some of which are made in the store (such as bread and other groceries) therefore it will be fresh for customers to consume. This is one of the reasons why the aims and objectives of Tesco differ. Moreover Nike and Tesco can also have few similar aims and objectives because the ownership of both Tesco and Nike is public limited company which means that shares are traded on the stock exchanged, however the interesting reason for Tesco and Nike being a public limited company is because of their enormous size. If both Nike and Tesco were owned by a sole trader or by a partnership except being owned by a public limited company then due to their enormous size it would be very difficult to raise enough funds for Tesco and Nike. Similarly, both companies are owned by shareholders. Tesco and Nike are not successful on meeting their aims and objective, because they haven’t released a statement saying that they have been successful on achieving their aims and objectives. |Similarities: |Differences: | |Both Tesco and Nike are aiming to upgrade their profit by more |Tesco is aiming to become the largest supermarket in the world | |than 50% in the next five years whilst Nike is aiming to protect their no. 1 status of being | | |the largest sportswear brand in the world | |By the next year both Tesco and Nike are aiming to show in |Tesco is aiming to understand their customers better than | |their adverts, and annual reports that they have good |anyone in the next 3 years whilst Nike is aiming for 50% | |intentions with regards to working conditions. |Revenue Growth over Next Five Years. | Suggestion of business aims: I would suggest for Tesco to aim to manufacture (Tesco branded) sporting products such as treadmill, rower and cycle for women by the next year as women of this generation have no-time to go to the gym and they want to stay in shape, be fit whilst others want to lose however Tesco should manufacture (Tesco branded) weights and other home gym equipments as most men want to get a toned physique; if Tesco manufacture these (Tesco branded) products in the near future then they will meet the demands of their customers, and because it’s Tesco branded it should be reasonably cheap. Tesco should perhaps imitate Nike and sponsor a famous fitness model for the advertisement of the products I have suggested. I would suggest Nike to aim to introduce interesting and exciting fitness programmes by the next year for people who suffer to lose weight/gain muscle or don’t know how to lose weight/gain or simply need to be motivated to lose weight/gain muscle; this will make Nike wider and more appealing to their customers as they will not only be helping their customers but also beating their competitive businesses such as Adidas and Reebok because both of these Nike’s do not sell fitness programmes to their customers which will give Nike an edge of their competitive businesses. Nike should also then sponsor a world famous fitness model to advertise the product that I have suggested. From my own experience I think that although Nike have a range of great quality products they however don’t have them in competitive prices and this is what some customers complain about (me, and my friends), wearing Nike looks cool but the prices on the clothes is just too much, therefore the product that I suggest Nike to manufacture should be very competitive. The difference between Nike and Tesco is that Tesco have cheap products whilst the products of Nike are very expensive and other customers who are less fortunate will have to dig deep in their pockets to buy the Nike product that they desire. I suggest Nike to make their products cheaper as we are in the recession and some people don’t have jobs so they won’t be able to afford it, plus some have had their salary cut down due to the recession. Another suggestion that I would like to make for both of my companies is that I think that they should both aim to join with their biggest competitor by the next 3 years which will contribute in my companies to expand to such an extent that no business can reach their heights, as the less superstores are around the less options the customers have and the more likely the customers will go to Tesco or Nike. Or if they don’t like the idea of joining with their competitors then I would suggest both of my companies to start using franchises for their business; and thereby aim to have 5,000 new franchises in the next 5 years. This will allow my business to expand and grow faster and more cheaply, than buying all the branches. This will also benefit the franchisees; due to the fact that my companies are very popular, well-known and familiar to people across the globe and it is also promoted and advertised both nationally and internationally thereby the franchisee will not have to bother to advertise which will save him/her cost. The franchisee will also benefit from advices on how to run the business and usually have exclusive and special rights to operate in a certain location which could really help boost __________________________________________________________ Sources/References http://www. mirrorfootball. co. uk/news/Cristiano-Ronaldo-wins-pound-6million-Nike-contract-article26148. html http://tennisinfoblog. com/roger-federer-to-sign-new-lucrative-10-year-contract-with-nike http://www. google. co. uk/search? hl=enrls=com. microsoft%3Aen-gb%3AIE-SearchBoxq=convert+13+dollars+to+poundsmeta=aq=faqi=aql=oq=gs_rfai How to cite Aiims and Objectives, Papers

European Comparative Company law

Questions: Task 1: Outiline and explain the contents of employment contracts and the legal liabilities of managers and directors? Task 2: Demonstrate the ways in which European Union Law affects the conduct of business in the United Kingdom? Task 3: Identify and explain the main sources of law affecting business and policies relating to customers, related companies and employment? Answers: Introduction The following assignment intends to bring out the critical issues relating to the functioning of legislations applicable to the business world in the United Kingdom (UK) and the influence and applicability of the prevailing regulations and directives of the European Union (EU) on such legislations. In this assignment we will closely review the legislations relating to a Partnership Firm and Limited Liability Partnerships (LLP); the distinctions between employment and contractual labor and the liabilities of the management of a company arising out of such contracts and the directives issued by EU relating to different types of legal systems. The whole assessment of the related issues will be done on the basis of the prevailing legislations in this regard prevalent in the UK and the applicability of EU directives in such a legislative structure. Each of the three questions will be addressed and explained separately in the light of applicable regulations issued by proper authorities (NovakovicÃÅ'  and KrecÃÅ' a, 2013). Task 1 This task involves advising three friends about the matters that they should take into consideration while deciding about the type of business they should choose while they are starting. The choice is between a partnership firm (an unincorporated form of business) and a LLP (incorporated body). To ascertain which one to opt for, we should have a close look at the advantages and disadvantages that these two offer in the present dynamic business environment which can be done with the help of a point wise analysis of the distinctions between these two. But first we should understand what a LLP is and how is it different from a normal partnership firm? What is a LLP? A LLP is an incorporated form of organization which has a separate and distinct entity of its own just as an incorporated company. It is a body corporate which is a legal person in the eyes of the law (Andens and Wooldridge, 2009). So, why the word partnership if it is similar to a corporate form of organization? The answer is simple; it provides diversity with much ease in doing business. A LLP extracts the advantages of both forms of incorporated and unincorporated form of businesses. It combines the flexibility of a partnership business and the concept of separate legal from a company form of organization (Hurt). Two of the most striking features of a LLP are: The liability of the partners are limited as regards to their contributions towards the assets of the LLP in the event of winding up of the LLP, and The demarcation of management and ownership. The members may be the managers, but the existence of management and ownership are separate (Ingle). Effects of EU regulations on the business community of UK Thus, a seEffects of EU regulations on the business community of UKter and the limitation of the liabilities of the partners, gives LLP a better competitive edge over a normal partnership firm. To evaluate the viability of the two forms of businesses we need to have a close look at the points of distinction between them. Points of Difference Partnership LLP Governing Statute Partnership Act, 1890 LLP Act, 2000 Organizational Status Unincorporated Incorporated Registration Optional Compulsory Relationship of Partners Governed by the Laws of Agency. Partners are agents of each other. Fiduciary. Partners are agent of the LLP. Liability of Partners Unlimited or as agreed upon by the partners in the partnership deed. Limited to the extent provided in the Document of Incorporation. Designated Partners No such designation in a partnership. At least two designated partners required who will be responsible for compliance of the applicable regulations and disclosure of information to the Registrar (Legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Constitutional Document Deed of Partnership Document of Incorporation. Commencement of Business Business can be commenced after the execution of the partnership deed. Business can commence only after obtaining a Certificate of Incorporation from the Registrar (Legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Legal Entity A partnership firm does not have a separate legal entity. A LLP is a separate legal entity independent of its members. Management Ownership Management ownership are same. Management ownership are separate. Membership Requirements Minimum 2 and maximum 20. Minimum 2 and there is no upper limit. Registration of Member changes Can be done internally without involving any registration requirement (Legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Changes in the composition of membership should be registered with the registrar. Audit requirement and filing of documents. No such requirement. Required under LLP Regulations 2001 and GAAP. Rights Taxation Profits are distributed among the partners according to their contribution who pay individual income tax for their income. Profits are distributed equally and the members pay individual income tax (Legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Applicability of Companies Act Not applicable. Certain provisions are applicable. Perpetual Succession No. A LLP has a perpetual succession as it is independent of its members. Dissolution A partnership can be dissolved when the deed expires of by simply termination the deed. Proper provisions of the LLP Regulations, Companies Act has to be followed for voluntary winding up or suo moto winding up by the Registrar (Legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Registration for VAT Not applicable. As a LLP is formed as a body corporate, it can register itself for VAT. Binding effect of acts of the Partners Acts of partners are binding on the other partners. Personal liabilities distributed jointly and/or severally (Legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Acts of members are binding on the LLP even if a partner acts outside his authority provided in the partners agreement. There is no personal liability of the partners arising for contracts or debts of a LLP and of other members (Legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Therefore, it is clear from the above points that LLPs offer much more advantages than that of a normal partnership firm. Thus, a LLP is a much more suitable option while setting up a new business. Effects of EU regulations on the business community of UK Irrespective of the form and nature of the business organization, the effects of applicable EU legislations have rocked the business environment of UK. After UK joined the EU, gradually stringent laws of the EU were being thrust upon the UK. Such laws became to be known as the Red Tape (Business for Britain, 2015). The business community started losing billions of pounds due to such stringent norms of EU. This forced the business community to make representations to the UK government and to the European Council (UK Government, 2015). A rough estimation proved that more than 50% of the legislations in UK which have an impact on the economy of the country are affected by EU laws (Open Europe, 2015). It is estimated by the agency that around 33.3 billion pounds per year present a cost to the UK economy as a result of such EU regulations. Thus, to start a new business every aspect of the prevalent and applicable legislations should be considered and given due importance (Innertemplelibrary.org.uk, 2015). Task 2 In this task we are required to advice a friend about the difference between an employee and an independent contractor. To understand this we need to closely examine this from the viewpoint of the employing organization. We also need to understand the capacity in which any particular person is serving the organization (Beer and Schils, 2009). We will demonstrate this below. Who is an employee? Employees are persons whose employment is governed by an employment contract. An employee is entitled to a few specific employment rights and responsibilities and has a few obligations towards an employer which are different from an independent contractor (Hammond and Hammond, 1919). The capacity in which he serves his employer also differs from that of an independent contractor. Essentials of a valid Employment Contract As stated above, employment is governed by an employment contract; we now need to ascertain the contents of a valid employment contract. An employment contract exhibits the nature of relationship an employer and an employee has between themselves. The contents of the contract largely depend upon the nature of the business undertaken and the type of job to be offered by the employee (Jolly, 2009). Thus, the contents can be enumerated as below: Full details of the employer and the employee The date on which the contract is being executed Clear explanation of the designation to be held by the employee Performance required by the employee Benefits. For these a separate statement is given by the employer known as the Written Statement of Employment Particulars Compensation to be given to the employee Other applicable elements and miscellaneous matters Termination clause. It provides the conditions and the pre-conditions for the termination of the employment contract (Moore, 2013). ployment Rights and Obligations of an Independent Cont Liabilities of Managers and Directors As the directors and other managers are solely responsible for the working of an organization; liability towards the employees generally falls in their lap too (Jolly, 2009). The liabilities are as follows: To protect the interests of the employees To provide a financial and social shield for the employees To motivate them Ensure proper working environment is provided To put in place an effective channel of communication to promote proper co-ordination of the whole working process Not to thrust the employees in a hazardous environment or work without proper protection To ensure that all the benefits are received by the employee as stipulated in the written statement To ensure that no default takes place on behalf of the company resulting to any breach in the terms of the employment contract (Lehmann and Tatsiramos, 2012). Employment Rights and Obligations of an Employee An employee is a worker in a company and enjoys certain benefits and has a few predetermined obligations out of his employment which are different from non-employees. The following are the rights and obligations that an employee has: Employment contract includes the Offer Letter and the Appointment Letter. The principal is known as employer and the contracted person is known as employee. An employee is entitled to a salary and is regarded as a part of the organization. The services of an employee are exclusive for his employer and serves on a continuous basis. Before resigning an employee is required to give a minimum notice period to the employer. An employee has legislative protection against unfair termination of his/her employment. Statutory sick leave is granted to an employee along with other leaves such as parental leave and shared parental leave which are treated as paid leaves (Lehmann and Tatsiramos, 2012). An employee has the right to terminate his employment relationship with the company or the employer without incurring any extra liability. An employee does not make profits or loss during his employment tenure. Flexible working request right and time off is allowed in case of emergencies. Redundancy pay under statute. Fixed working hours of work and employees cannot be substituted by someone else. Working material is provided by the employer. Applicable deductions of tax and National Insurance Contributions from their salary. Company policies and rules are applicable to employees. Who is an independent contractor? An independent contractor is a self employed person and is his own principal. An independent contractor runs his business himself and is solely responsible for the profits and losses of the work or business done (Mariz, Llinares and Westermark, 2011). This is the major reason why they are not included in employment laws of the UK. They are hired for a particular job on a contractual basis. Their employment ceases on the completion of the work or by terminating the contract (Innertemplelibrary.org.uk, 2015). Employment Rights and Obligations of an Independent Contractor Although, independent contractors are not covered by the applicable employment laws, they still do have a few rights while under the contract laws (Blanpain, Dickens and Andersen, 2008). Following are the rights and obligations of an independent contractor: The binding agreement is generally the contract for employment. The compensation is in the nature of contract price payable by the company. The relationship of employer and employee does not exist and the contractor does not form a part of the organization. The services of an independent contractor are not exclusive. He is not entitled to statutory leaves from employment such as parental leaves and cannot be fired. He is not under Pay As You Earn (PAYE) scheme and no deductions are done from the contract price. Termination of contract will attract extra liabilities on part of the independent contractor. No requirements of registration under HMRC. Income is in the nature of business income and is assessed differently under the tax laws. He makes a profit generally on the completion of the job. An independent contractor is not provided any training by the company engaging his services to perform the job. Thus, the above points make clear the points of distinction between an employee and an independent contractor. The liability of the managers and the directors of the company are limited to the terms of the contract only. Task 3 With the UK becoming a member of the EU in the 1970s a whole lot of European laws became applicable to UK. In case of any contravening provisions, the EU laws always prevail over the UK laws. Laws made by the EU are applicable to all the Member States and has resulted in the integration of EU laws with the laws of the member states. This has resulted in competencies changing hands from states to the EU. Monism and Dualism are theories of this process of integration of international laws with the national laws of a country (Bekker, 2010). Monism Under the monist system of legal integration it is believes that the national laws and the international laws are in a unity and is uniform throughout the boundaries of the state. In such a scenario, both the national and the international laws are accepted and this harmonized integration is the essence of the legal system prevailing in the country (Bohne, 2011). Generally, this integration is achieved by a treaty or an agreement between a member state and the EU. In such a scenario the international law is incorporated and is automatically binding on the domestic laws. The moment an international treaty is ratified, international laws automatically becomes a part of the national law. After such ratification, any domestic law which is in contravention of the international law is termed as null and void (Martinico and Pollicino, 2010). Dualism This is just the opposite of monism. Dualism system contemplates that national laws and international laws are different and international laws should be translated for the purpose of their integration. This system claims that in order to be applicable in any particular state, an international law has to be translated in domestic parlance and should also accept the domestic law as its part; otherwise the international law cannot be considered as a law in the domestic country. Further, if a treaty is adopted by any state and the national law is ignored or is not incorporated in the treaty then it amounts to a violation of the national law. But this fact itself does not render the treaty to be a part of the national law (Ciongaru). In case of UK, the principle of immediate applicability takes place. Immediate applicability means the automatic integration of the EU laws into the national legislation. Dualism has found its place in UK, as ratification of treaties is done according to the European Communities Act, 1972 which has been voted by the British Parliament (Ghosal, 2011). The International Treaty of Adhesion is an example. The legal relationship of UK with the EU has been made effective by various provisions of the European Communities Act, 1972 (Business for Britain, 2015). Distinction between EU Regulations and Directives The treaties undertaken by the EU and its member states are multifarious and are made effective through different legal instruments. Some of them are applicable and binding to all the member states and some of them are applicable only to a few specific states (Canova, Coutinho and Kontolemis, 2012). What are Regulations? A regulation is a piece of legislation which is applicable to all the member states of the EU. It is binding on all the states and is applicable directly without the need of any king of ratification or any form of national legislation (Europa.eu, 2015). What are Directives? Directives can be defines as overall goals or objectives which the member states are required to achieve. The path, strategies and policies are left to the member states to decide upon. Thus, the function of EU in giving directives is same as giving an assignment to the member states which they are required to complete by employing their own methods (Europa.eu, 2015). Conclusion All the three tasks relate to the undertaking or doing business activities in the EU and the applicability of various national and international laws in each case. All the three tasks bring out a single and important fact that the EU exercises a considerable amount of influence on the business environment of the country; be it in the starting of a business or while undertaking business activities or be it the applicability of the various international regulations and their integration with the national laws. References Andens, M. and Wooldridge, F. (2009).European comparative company law. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Beer, P. and Schils, T. (2009).The labour market triangle. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Bekker, P. (2010).Making Transnational Law Work in the Global Economy. Cambridge University Press. Blanpain, R., Dickens, L. and Andersen, S. (2008).Challenges of European employment relations. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Bohne, E. (2011). Conflicts between national regulatory cultures and EU energy regulations.Utilities Policy, 19(4), pp.255-269. Business for Britain, (2015).EU Business Regulation. [online] Available at: https://businessforbritain.org/eu-excessive-business-regulation-2.pdf [Accessed 23 Jul. 2015]. Canova, F., Coutinho, L. and Kontolemis, Z. (2012).Measuring the macroeconomic resilience of industrial sectors in the EU and assessing the role of product market regulations. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Ciongaru, E. (n.d.).The monistic and the dualistic theory in European law. [online] Available at: https://www.ugb.ro/Juridica/Issue1EN/10_Teoria_monista_si_dualista_in_dreptul_europeanCiongaruEN.pdf [Accessed 23 Jul. 2015]. Europa.eu, (2015).EUROPA - Regulations, Directives and other acts. [online] Available at: https://europa.eu/eu-law/decision-making/legal-acts/index_en.htm [Accessed 23 Jul. 2015]. Ghosal, V. (2011).Reforming rules and regulations. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Hurt, C. (n.d.). The Limited Liability Partnership in Bankruptcy.SSRN Electronic Journal. Ingle, D. (n.d.). Hybrid of Partnership and Corporation IE: 'Limited Liability Partnership' Critics.SSRN Electronic Journal. Innertemplelibrary.org.uk, (2015).Legal Research - EU Law. [online] Available at: https://www.innertemplelibrary.org.uk/news/FAQeu/DifferencesDirectives.htm [Accessed 23 Jul. 2015]. Jolly, A. (2009).Business insights, Europe. London: Kogan Page. Legislation.gov.uk, (2015).Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/12/contents [Accessed 23 Jul. 2015]. Legislation.gov.uk, (2015).Partnership Act 1890. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/53-54/39/contents [Accessed 23 Jul. 2015]. Lehmann, H. and Tatsiramos, K. (2012).Informal employment in emerging and transition economies. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Mariz, S., Llinares, J. and Westermark, K. (2011). EU regulations.BMJ, 342(jan11 2), pp.d136-d136. Martinico, G. and Pollicino, O. (2010).The national judicial treatment of the ECHR and EU laws. Groningen: Europa Law Pub. Moore, M. (2013).Company Law Statutes 2011-2012. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. NovakovicÃÅ' , M. and KrecÃÅ' a, M. (2013).Basic concepts of public international law. Belgrade: Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade, Institute of Comparative Law, Institute of International Politics and Economics. Open Europe, (2015).Open Europe. [online] Available at: https://openeurope.org.uk/impact/cutting-red-tape-must-be-a-key-plank-of-any-eu-reform-agenda/ [Accessed 23 Jul. 2015]. Publications.parliament.uk, (2015).House of Commons - The EU Bill and Parliamentary Sovereignty - European Scrutiny Committee. [online] Available at: https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmselect/cmeuleg/633/63304.htm [Accessed 23 Jul. 2015]. Rotondo, E. (2013). The legal effect of EU Regulations.Computer Law Security Review, 29(4), pp.437-445. UK Government. (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/371088/Cut-eu-red-tape_one-year-on.pdf [Accessed 23 Jul. 2015].

Animal Rights Protests Essays - Animal Welfare, Fur, Animal Testing

Animal Rights Protests Essays - Animal Welfare, Fur, Animal Testing Animal Rights Protests Over the past fifteen years a powerfully charged drama has unfolded in New York's Broadway venues and spread to the opera houses and ballet productions of major cities across the country. Its characters include angry college students, aging rock stars, flamboyant B-movie queens, society matrons, and sophisticated fashion designers. You can't buy tickets for this production, but you might catch a glimpse of it while driving in Bethesda on particular Saturday afternoons. If you're lucky, Compassion Over Killing (COK), an animal rights civil disobedience group, will be picketing Miller's Furs, their enemy in the fight against fur. These impassioned activists see the fur trade as nothing less than wholesale, commercialized murder, and will go to great lengths to get their point across. Such enthusiasm may do them in, as COK's often divisive rhetoric and tacit endorsement of vandalism threaten to alienate the very people it needs to reach in order to be successful. The animal rights idealogy crystallized with the publication of philosophy professor's exploration of the way humans use and abuse other animals. Animal Liberation argued that animals have an intrinsic worth in themselves and deserve to exist on their own terms, not just as means to human ends. By 1985, ten years after Peter Singer's watershed treatise was first published, dozens of animal rights groups had sprung up and were starting to savor their first successes. In 1994 Paul Shapiro, then a student at Georgetown Day School, didn't feel these non-profits were agitating aggressively enough for the cause. He founded Compassion Over Killing to mobilize animal rights activists in the Washington metropolitan area and "throw animal exploiters out of business." Since then, COK has expanded to over 300 members with chapters across the country, including one at American University, which formed in the fall of 1996. COK organizes protests as a primary activity of the group, although some chapters may choose to expand into other areas if they wish. COK's focus on direct-action protests and demonstrations is just one way that the animal rights movement has mobilized to end the fur trade. The larger animal rights organizations have conducted attention grabbing media blitzes with the help of stars like Paul McCartney, Melissa Etheridge, Rikki Lake, Naomi Campbell and Christy Turlington. Lobbying efforts by animal advocacy groups have resulted in trapping restrictions in numerous states and an end to federal fur industry subsidies. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has persuaded several fashion designers including Calvin Klein and Donna Karan to stop using fur in their clothing lines. In addition, anti-fur concerts, videos, compact discs, t-shirts, drag revues and award ceremonies have been used by animal rights groups to advance their cause. Each side of the conflict over fur coats has an entirely different way of conceptualizing and talking about the issue. Animal rights groups bluntly describe fur as "dead...animal parts" and emphasize that animals are killed to produce a fur garment. Those involved in the fur industry consistently use agricultural metaphors and talk of a yearly "crop of fur" that must be "harvested." Manny Miller, the owner of Miller's Furs, refused to describe his business in terms of the individual animals; "I don't sell animals. I sell finished products. I sell fur coats." These linguistic differences extend to the manner in which both sides frame the debate over fur. COK refers to the industry in criminal terms; fur is directly equated with murder and those involved in the industry are labeled killers. Industry groups like the Fur Information Council of America (FICA) always describes fur garments as objects and clothing; it is "the ultimate cold weather fabric" that is "your fashion choice." On Saturday, April 12th, Compassion Over Killing demonstrated outside the White House, protesting the Clinton administration's opposition to a European Community ban on the importation of fur coats made from animals caught in the wild. In addition, the demonstration called for the release of several Animal Liberation Front (ALF) members imprisoned for vandalizing property and liberating animals from research labs and factory farms. Several dozen high school and college students turned out for the event, but the protest attracted a handful of thirtysomethings and an elderly woman as well. Most of the

Criminal Behavior Conditioning Essays

Criminal Behavior Conditioning Essays Criminal Behavior Conditioning Essay Criminal Behavior Conditioning Essay Dr. Terrie Moffitt provides consent to the detection and early intervention concept for developmental/behavioral issues. Since 1993, Dr. Moffitt has focused on two youth types- both developmental in nature- that lead to delinquency. Dr. Moffitt defined these problematic individuals as either life-course-persistent (LCP) offenders, or adolescent-limited (AL) offenders. Where the AL offenders exhibit shorter cycles of delinquency that begin and usually end within his/her adolescent years, the LCP offenders begin at much earlier age and continues into the adolescent years. Researchers agreed with Dr. Moffitt that high-risk youth can be identified at an early age with great accuracy (Dodge Pettit, 2003; Hill, Lochman, Coie, Greenberg, 2004; Lochman Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group, 1995). But an important factor to note, is that they begin to parallel influence/cause during his/her adolescent years of delinquency. It is not enough to simply review statistics or parental accounts because it may confuse anyone trying to identify the two types of offenders (Moffitt, Caspi, Dickson, Silva, Stanton, 1996). Since Dr. Moffitt first standardized her developmental theory, she also brought forth the significance of many different but interwoven variables including: genetics, social pressure, observation, and parental nurturing (Moffitt et al, 1993, 1996; Moffitt, 1995, 2005). Another comparable theory also contends that younger offenders are at greater risk of more serious criminal offending (Gerald Patterson 1982, 1986). This (Coercion Developmental) theory cites parental involvement as major factor in psychosocial related delinquency. In addition, negative transitions or inconsistent monitoring of the child will contribute to the onset of delinquency (Brennan et al. , 2003; Patterson, 1982). A child may use temperamental actions to gain control. This behavioral pattern continues until the adolescent develops a consistent interpersonal approach of coercion. Whatever the root cause of delinquency, finality comes in the form of treatment or incarceration. However, more restraining measures for the serious offender- out-of-home treatment or incarceration- are not as effective and are extremely expensive (Henggeler, 1996). Indeed, data show that incarceration may not even serve a community protection function (Henggeler 1996, p. 139). † One theory is that prevention programs or treatment that only focuses on one risk factor â€Å"is unlikely to lead to long-lasting change in delinquency because multiple other forces act to support anti- social development (Dodge Pettit, 2003). † Alternately, selective pre vention (or incarceration) is designed to corral these â€Å"at risk† youth. The principle with selective prevention/incarceration is that ‘an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. The programs may range from family involvement to exterior intervention; regimented treatment to outdoor activities. However, it is important to begin the selective prevention/incarceration early in the child’s life and cross-examine multiple influential factors. Then, continue the same preventive measures to ensure new influences do not create new risks (Tremblay and Craig, 1995; Dodge Pettit, 2003). Dr Moffitt encourages programs designed at identifying the â€Å"at risk† youth before defining the subsequent delinquency. A similar theory involving multiple planes of identification is multi-systemic therapy (Henggeler Borduin, 1990; Henggeler, Melton, Smith, 1992; Scherer, Brondino, Henggeler, Melton, Hanley, 1994). When interpreting this therapy approach, multiple major factors come into play- school, family, counselors. Based on Dr. Moffitt’s developmental theories and mindset, I believe that she would have the same opinion of some researchers- utilize every social and genetic variable and create selective prevention/incarceration as a (best practice) approach to early detection of potential delinquency. In my freshman opinion, I feel that it requires a multitude of data to determine exact cause and effect. If you combine the following: National Crime Victimization Survey; broad-spectrum interviews of delinquents; Census interviews; marital patterns; religious or faith data; medical-intervention records; and psychosocial observation in the form of treatment, one may be able to create a better understanding in the patterns of delinquency. Unfortunately, research-to-date is small in comparison to the magnitude of influence. The relationship between parenting (disciplinary practice) and family (background) with delinquency is far too in-depth for a few hundred words to define. Parental styles, genetics, social interaction, socio-economic factors, religion, academic standards- the list goes on, and on- all factor into the potential to become an offender. Simply stated, exposure is the common denominator. While many factors can be a major, let us first address parental styles. There are four types of parental styles: authoritarian; permissive; authoritative; and neglecting (Diana Baumrind 1991a). While one parent chooses to control child’s life, another parent may be permissive and render no control. Even as a parent tries to be rational and reasonable, a different style is neglecting and detached from the child. Alone, no style is without imperfections. Other factors combine with the parenting style to create a more complex behavioral pattern. Coercive, easier methods of parenting require less administrative energy when compared with a style that emphasizes emotional interaction and patience. A pattern of too much corporal punishment to maintain control promotes a negative self-concept in the child or may carry the cycle of violence to another victim. Nonetheless, it is not easy to assume which styles provide more â€Å"at risk† factors than others without additional rationale. Parental practices that involve consistent interaction are additional strategies employed by some. A child may be pushed to achieve specific academic, social, or athletic goals across different contexts and situations (Hart, Nelson, Robinson, Olsen, McNeilly-Choque, 1998). A child may receive monetary gratuity designed to teach him/her to manage money. Some children thrive in other event-specific interaction- reading, attendance to sports or arts events, or giving time to school rooms and/or activities. Herein, lies factors that produce the advent of self-esteem and results may vary. Studies also reveal that observation has a responsive affect and often leads to social competence, peer acceptance, and less antisocial behavior (Hart et al. ,1998). An inviting parent that elevates care and affection or one that encourages higher educational are examples of styles hat promotes rather than demotes development. Secondly, a child’s socio-economic situation may hinder development into a non-offender. While the parent can deter negative behavior and reinforce positive outlook, the child may nevertheless fall prey to social environmental factors. Observation of deviant behaviors may possibly encourage the same. The nation’s economic crisis of 2009 resulted in many parents assuming second jobs- such as low-paying part-time work on weekends- to keep the family financially afloat (Bartol, 2008, 2011). This may necessitate â€Å"juggling† child care duties among day-care centers, relatives, babysitters, and neighbors. Likewise, caregiver styles and practices can escalate negative results. The early relationship between an infant and a caregiver largely determines the quality of social relationships later in life (Bowlby, 1969). Similar to the notion that â€Å"it takes a village to raise a child,† interaction with perceived models of authority and care can mold a child into positive results or into patterned delinquency. In addition, impoverished parents (or family), may create internal stresses and possibly abuse- both physical and mental. Further, the child’s development may digress into inadequate social, self-regulation, or temperament skill sets. Stress caused by poverty in urban settings is believed to diminish parents’ capacity for supportive and consistent parenting (Dodge, Greenberg, Malone, and Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group, 2008; Hammond Yung, 1994). If anti-social peers reject someone who is already struggling, then there may be a compounded risk factor. As Terrie Moffitt (2005) provided, we know certain risk factors are closely linked to delinquency and criminal behavior, but how or why they are linked is largely unknown. Thirdly, depending on the definition of â€Å"family,† the structure necessitates the parenting style. It is estimated that over 12 million American families with children are maintained by only one parent (U. S. Bureau of the Census, 2001). Early studies based on official data found that delinquents were more likely than non delinquents to come from homes where parents were divorced r separated (Eaton Polk, 1961; Glueck Glueck, 1950; Monahan, 1957; Rodman Grams, 1967). This led to conclusions that the single-parent home- or the â€Å"broken home† as it was called- could be blamed for much delinquency and thus could be considered a risk factor (Bartol, 2011). More recently, researchers examine associated factors such as the quality of the relationship, economic status, and levels of emotional suppo rt provided to the family by other modeling adults- extended family members or community agents. However, there is definitive results that single-parent homes that are conflict-free produce children from that are less likely to be delinquent than those shaped in highly conflicted, but â€Å"intact† homes (Gove Crutchfield, 1982). A family of different origin, has become a normal part of today’s society. Many researchers agree to also define a family as persons related by blood or by legal arrangements- adoptions, legal guardianships, civil unions. Researchers also point out that long-term committed relationships- either as friends or as sexual partners- are also considered as family. No matter the style of the living arrangement, blood-relative, or single-parent family, the structure becomes the focal point. As Flynn (1983, p. 13) asserts, â€Å"One point is indisputably clear in the literature: A stable, secure, and mutually supportive family is exceedingly important in delinquency prevention. † Parental alcoholism elevates risk for a variety of negative child outcomes, including behavioral difficulties, antisocial behavior, and subsequent alcoholism (Loukas, Zucker, Fitzgerald, Krull, 2003; Zucker et al. , 2000). Interestingly, Loukas and her colleagues (2003) found that the presence of paternal alcoholism in the family may be more important than maternal alcoholism in contributing to a son’s antisocial behavior and maladjustment. The aggressive behavior that is demonstrated in domestic violence is clearly a form of parental psychopathology. Lastly, related to parental styles is the parental supervision or monitoring of children. In parental monitoring, â€Å"refers to parents’ awareness of their child’s peer associates, free-time activities, and physical whereabouts, when outside the home† (Snyder Patterson, 1987, pp. 25–26). Just as a â€Å"structured† or â€Å"broken† home dictates, so too is the amount and quality of parental monitoring is influenced by a number of things- divorce, finances, job loss, parental psychological disorders, substance abuse, or death. Monitoring appears to be especially important from about age nine to mid-adoles cence, an observation that has received substantial support from several studies (Laird, Pettit, Bates, Dodge, 2003). Will a Substantially-Recruited High School Football Player Alter His Tackling Style By Observing His Favorite NFL Player Doing the Same? In recent months, the National Football League (NFL) has mandated various penalties to players for purposely making violent tackles on unsuspecting opposing players. The penalties were usually a monetary fine imposed; growing by each offense. However, the rash of career-ending and life-threatening injuries was not subsiding. In fact, Rodney Harrison, a former NFL player and NBC Analyst who was penalized for illegal hits at several points in his career was quoted, â€Å"that the NFL has to do more than fine offenders if it really wants to change the big-hitting culture.. Harrison further added, Ive had plenty of hits like this and fining me $5 or $10 grand really didnt affect me. But I got to a point where they suspended me and I knew the effect on my teammates, the disappointment of me not being out there; not the $100,000 that got taken away from me, but the fact that I wasnt out there. Thats what they are going to have to do if they want to change the nature of these hits. You hav e to suspend guys. † The NFL is currently utilizing other methods of penalty- suspension- as a method of deterrence. Will a substantially-recruited high school football player model himself and alter his tackling style by simply observing his favorite NFL player doing the same? If not, what if he met both the victim of a violent tackle and the offender? The independent variables are equally the favorite NFL players that give violent hits, and ones that received violent (and injury resultant) hits. The dependent variables are talented defensive players (decisions) about to leave high school and are being heavily recruited into college. Both Ordinal and Ratio data will be collected. To determine a level of persuasion, Ordinal data will be necessary (influenced more severe tackling, same/unchanged tackling; influenced less severe tackling); for both observation from afar, and actual/perceived interaction with victim and offender. Ratio data will be collected to determine the percentages of players that felt their respective play (influenced/uninfluenced) somehow altered their ability to be recruited. The hypothetical result is to segment how violence may be altered when measured through observation of others and through social interaction with participants. This may be able to translate how offenders may be able to recant their violent tendencies if a â€Å"role model† also recants. Operant conditioning is fundamental to some criminal behavior. It is present in all humans and probably less-focused as a pre-cursor to progressive criminal behavior. Do this, get response; do that, get a different response. Now, which response was â€Å"better or worse† in the offender’s opinion? And, if for the worse, how bad and is the offender prepared? Unfortunately, smaller crimes or even lawful activities can often lead to greater severity of deviant behavior. For instance, a male interprets the â€Å"mixed† sexual signals of a female during intercourse as â€Å"okay† this time. In fact, without knowing, is reinforcing the mixed signal by continually giving positive overall feedback without focusing on the things that are not okay. Then, the male continues this activity(s) to other partners until someone finally signals the behavior as improper or deviant. The reaction up to this point may not replicate the reaction in the instant- rejection. The eventual offender reacts in an emotional manner now considered criminal- an aggravated assault. Somewhere the operant conditioning has misaligned the offender to think that it was always â€Å"okay. † Now, it is not okay and the offender is not prepared for the response. On another angle, the victim is married to the offender. He/she has typically submitted to the behaviors and finally decides the behavior to be deviant. He/she has continually obliged due to conditioned reasons and pre-conceived consequences. Hopefully, the offender will see the reasoning, understand, and agree to dismiss harmful aggression. However, he/she may not and now operant conditioning is present for both sides. Sutherland’s (1939) position of differential association theory centers a neutrality of initial human behavior. The criminal tendency is learned through association with other, â€Å"bad company. † Likewise, good behavior can be attributed to the association with positive influences of other’s actions. Over the course of observation of others within a group, a subject is more likely to duplicate the consensus of behavior- good or bad. This is due, in part, to the conceived definition of what may be right or wrong because others are doing the same. While a valued approach, this theory did not break down the types of learning from other’s actions. By simply boiler-plating that all will do as the majority does, leaves many influences on the table. Differential Association-Reinforcement (DAR) theory gives greater detail into the interactions with others. In especially deviant behaviors, a subject would also need to observe other factors- strength, frequency, reinforcements (positive and negative) all packaged in a stimuli. In other words, a subject may run with a â€Å"bad company,† but if they receive other positive reinforcements for other aspects, then he/she is not pre-destined to become deviant. The physiological factors associated with aggression have great range- from genetics that some researchers parallel with animal instincts to cognitive reasoning for choosing how to deal with the aggression. The genetic and animal approach can easily be identified by observation of humans. Humans can be territorially aggressive in protection mode, as well as, in social matters. This trait is â€Å"built-in† through years of development and remains unchanged. I believe it may also be defined as impulsive- stimuli will invoke a reaction. However, humans have also developed a â€Å"knack† for deciding what is, or is not, appropriate behavior. Through social interaction and learned behaviors, humans as a whole can discern if aggression is necessary and to what level it should or should not be levied. Equally important is the ability to observe punishment and negative consequences in order to draw conclusion on appropriate (aggressive) behavior. Medicinal and medically-invasive measure may also be taken in order to subside aggressions. Later it was proposed (Zillmann, 1988) that arousal carries substantial weight in factoring situational aggression. These factors may include sexual, negative excitement, or other stimuli that combine to create an aggressive behavior. Pre-existing conditions can intertwine with real-time observations and carryout immediate aggression. Other recent researchers add that skill-sets and gender help determine the aggressor’s initial reaction. Once the arousal is recognized, the person may react with reflexive response and/or cognitively think before reacting. The research is varied when relying on simple factors such as, driving (road rage), video games, and peer rejection. Social observation (socialization) also factors into the potential aggressor’s reaction. Therein, I believe genders have an internal â€Å"triage† that quickly determines the most valuable return on behavioral investment. In addition, if aggression becomes favor with the person, he/she must then determine the types of overt aggression are pointed threats of bodily harm, physical assault, rape, murder, or road rage and can be linked to childhood tendencies of similar behaviors. Covert aggression is indirect and most often, unders of covert aggression are passive-aggressive exchanges, disguised theft or fraud, internet or electronic hassle. Social and aggressive behavior is managed largely through daily experiences by cognitive scripts. â€Å"A script suggests what events are to happen in the environment, how the person should behave in response to these events, and what the likely outcome of those behaviors would be†(Huesmann, 1988, p. 15). Scripts may be learned through direct experience or observing significant others (Bushman Anderson, 2001). Once learned and established, the script is usually adhered becomes resistant to change into adulthood. However, each script is different and unique to each person, and to become established must be practiced from time to time (Bartol, 2011) Furthermore, an important role in determining which scripts are stored in memory is the â€Å"evaluation of the appropriateness. † (Huesmann, 1988, p. 19). Conflicting scripts that intrude someone’s personal standards are unlikely to be stored or utilized. According to Blackman, chronic criminality can be understood as â€Å"an attempt to maintain status or mastery of a social environment from which they feel alienated† (1998, p. 174). The well-rehearsed cognitive script of persistent, lifelong offenders, therefore, is to dominate- often in a hostile manner- social environments they perceive as hostile. The other model has been developed by Kenneth Dodge and his colleagues (Dodge, 1986; Dodge Coie,1987), and is called the hostile attribution model. Insomuch, there is a bias because youth (and adults) prone toward violence are more likely to interpret unsuspecting actions as hostile and threatening than are their less aggressive counterparts (Dodge, 1993b). People described as having hostile attribution bias â€Å"tend to view the world through blood-red tinted glasses. † (Dill, Anderson, Anderson, Deuser, 1997). Children with a hostile attribution bias are much more likely than the average child to misinterpret actions from others as aggression (Hubbard et al. , 2001). Also, the bias is present in both boys and girls (Vitale, Newman, Serin, Bolt, 2005). Similarly, Serin and Preston (2001, p. 259) conclude, â€Å"Aggressive juvenile offenders have been found to be deficient in social problems of reactive aggression include: anger expressions; temper tantrums; and vengeful hostility- â€Å"hot-blooded† aggressive acts. Reactive aggression appears to be a reaction to frustration and is associated with a lack of control due to high states of arousal. In general, reactive aggression is a hostile act displayed in response to a perceived threat or provocation. However, proactive aggression includes: bullying; domination; teasing; name-calling; and coercive acts- more â€Å"cold-blooded† aggressive actions. (Dodge, et al. 1997). In difference, proactive aggression is less emotional, and hopeful of rewards. In theory, the basis of proactive aggression is found in social learning that is controlled and maintained by reinforcement.

Business Law - s 18 of the Australian Consumer Law within the Assignment

Business Law - s 18 of the Australian Consumer Law within the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (ACL) - Assignment Example t it is, how it is applied, the difference from the previous law, its sections; specifically section 18, the effect on State laws, and its limits considering the common law application. These are discussed under specific questions as given below. The Australian Consumer law is single national law about fair trading and consumer protection. It is uniform in each State and Territory, as well as nationally. This law was implemented in January 2011 and provides the consumers with the same expectations and protections about business conduct in Australia. Businesses are also guided by this law about their obligation whenever they operate in Australia. The Australian Consumer Law is a replacement of 20 different national consumer laws and applies as the Commonwealth law of Australia. It clarifies understanding of the law for businesses as well as consumers2. It is an agenda to the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, and it is implemented by all Australian courts and tribunals including those of Territories and States. Since it is a law of the Commonwealth, ACL is a law of its jurisdiction in each Territory and State so that the same provisions apply everywhere in Australia. The requirement that products and services be treated the same way has also seen the law reflected in comparable conditions, in the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act2001. ACL is administered by each Territory and State’s consumer law agency, and the ACCC3;4. The Australian Consumer law has brought man changes. It was designed to foster competition, and provide consumers with confidence to participate in markets in which both businesses and consumers trade fairly. It was designed to empower and protect the consumer hence improve the consumers’ well being. It was also designed to reduce costs to business through the provision of the law as a single uniform law for all parts of Australia. The ACL provides new protections for consumers which these are; increased protection from

Ways Prehistoric Art can be Interpreted Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ways Prehistoric Art can be Interpreted - Essay Example Ways Prehistoric â€Å"Art† can be Interpreted Prehistoric art are generally artifacts and artwork ranging from cave paintings, megaliths, to figurines that were produced prior to the existence of written language. The interpretation and analysis of prehistoric art requires the collaborative efforts of both historians and archeologists. For example, archaeologists are usually involved in looking for any tangible evidence through the examination of rocks, stones and minerals while historians may be needed to help in creating a chronology as well as the relationship of the artifact to the culture of its time. Generally, during the interpretation of any prehistoric work, a number of concerns regarding the driving force behind the creation of such works usually arise. Consequently, in order to fully interpret and understand prehistoric arts, archeologists, historians as well as art historians usually make their interpretations based on the clues of the cultures of the people that produced such artifacts. The interpretation of any prehistoric work usually begins with understanding and placing them in the context of human creative expressions, the age, as well as the form of the artifact. Additional investigations can also be carried out to determine the tools that were used to make the artifacts and other necessary material evidences that can help towards the formation of a working explanatory hypothesis. For example, archeological evidence reveals that rituals or religious purposes were behind most of the prehistoric artifacts. The interpretation of ancient depictions generally focuses on t he probable message of the art, aesthetic and principles and norms, their composition, and reflection of life. Although many archeologists, historians or art historians may interpret prehistoric arts differently depending on their own personal understanding, scientific clarity requires that any interpretation must not negate the narrative possibilities of the remains of the prehistoric art. This paper discusses some of the different ways through which prehistoric â€Å"art† can be interpreted. Contextual Interpretation One of the most important ways of interpreting prehistoric artefacts and artworks is the contextualization of images during the interpretation of their symbolism based on the prevailing cultures of their time. Generally, this method involves making judgments on prehistoric artifacts within the presumed context of the peoples daily routines and domestic structure. For example, the interpretation of prehistoric works such as the vulture paintings of Mellaart†™s shrine VII.8 can be effectively interpreted as an evidence of the excarnation of the dead. This is particularly because the vultures were not related to any of the archeological practices of the time and therefore it is more likely that such paintings may have seen the vulture as a Goddess of death when they saw vultures cleaning copses (Lewis-Williams, 73). It can be argued that contextual interpretation is based on the fact that most prehistoric artists were more concerned with the abstract relationships of their artifacts than with the artworks themselves. It is however worth noticing that the contextual interpretation of prehistoric archeological artifacts is normally based on unjustifiable assumptions regarding the tastes or religious practices and ideologies of the people who designed or made the artifact. As earlier been noted, prehistoric art can be several things from the dolmens to little stone collectibles. Sometimes paintings on the walls of the ancient man’s caves as well represent prehistoric art which are vital in the interpretation of the ancient history of the development of art by man. Many palaeontologists, geologists and geneticists while studying the past art use the participant observation in formulating hypothesis concerning social behavior of man during the Stone Age periods when the artistic nature of men improved greatly.

World Views on theism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World Views on theism - Essay Example Just as Hackett recounts, the absence of the divine Being immediately creates the limitations of cultural relativism. This is because, the notion that a divine Being exists and created the universe and the fullness thereof immediately gives room for moral absolutes or the universal law. Since a personal example suffices, living in America made me note that as globalization continues to render the US and the entire world a cultural melting pot because of multiculturalism, the danger of cultural relativism has certainly become inescapable. This danger has mainly manifested itself in a clash between legislative pieces and cultural values. For instance, because of the constant but radical shifting away from theism, the US government with all its constitutional maturity still remains ambivalent and unsure about the publication of literature such as Phillip R. Greaves II’s The Pedophile’s Guide to Love and Pleasure, despite the risks it poses to children. Only theism can here by strike this delicate balance between freedom of speech and conscience and that of children’s safety.... The crux of the mater herein is that when stimuli are introduced, there must be a response, as a corresponding action. Personally, I readily identify with behaviorism because I have come to note that results or consequences shape individual or collective action. Action in turn develops into behavior. Particularly, I have come to note that most of my colleagues did not take their assignments seriously until lecturers set deadlines. Reflecting on my past life also reinforce my belief in behaviorism, since we worked hard in high school, mainly upon knowing that entry into college or university learning would be based only on merit. Learning Styles Personally, kinesthetic approaches to learning have proven the best and most fruitful. This is because, this approach proves to be the most practical since it involves learning by performing, and therefore incorporates hands-on approaches such as movements, observing and other physical activities. Alongside note-taking and ensuring physical co mfort, joining study groups, using appropriate technology such as visual aids and reviewing information have catalyzed learning. The foregoing has especially been the case during encounters with cognitive sciences such as linguistics. Particularly, it has been virtually impossible to master phonetics, the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA chart), the phonological processes and supra-segmental features thereof, without looking at the mirror to watch the movement of articulators, or feeling the movements of my articulators, or both. In courses pertaining to political science, history and sociology, I have found it most benefiting to my memory when I place the world map before me, as a reference material. Likewise, as one given over to kinesthetic approach, I have found

Rational Characters Versus Irrational Characters In Candide English Literature Essay

Rational Characters Versus Irrational Characters In Candide English Literature Essay Reason is a mental sense found in an individual that is able to generate conclusions from assumptions or premises. In other words, it is among other things the means the way that rational beings propose specific explanations of cause and effect. Rationality, by definition, is the exercise of reason within an individual being. This is presented in the story through the characters; Candide, Cacambo, the old woman, and the farmer. Irrationality is cognitive thinking, talking or acting without inclusion of reason. This is presented in the story through the characters; Pangloss, Martin, Cunà ©gonde, and the Baron. Candide, the protagonist of the novel, is a good-hearted but hopelessly naÃÆ' ¯ve young man. His mentor, Pangloss, teaches him that their world is the best of all possible worlds. After being banished from his adopted childhood home, Candide travels the world and meets with a wide variety of misfortunes, all the while pursuing security and following Cunà ©gonde, the woman he loves. His faith in Panglosss undiluted optimism is repeatedly tested. Candide is less a realistic character than a conduit for the attitudes and events that surround him. His opinions and actions are determined almost entirely by the influence of outside  factors. It seemed to me at first that Candide was an irrational character, but I felt differently by the time I finished the story. He is the one who suggests that he and his comrades move from the temptations of the city to the quiet easy life on the farm. I thought that the way that he continuously fights for his love, against all odds along with his s olution to all the characters problems made Candide one of the most rational characters of the story. Cacambo becomes Candides bodyguard when he travels in South America. A mixed-race native of the Americas, Cacambo is highly intelligent and morally honest. He is savvy and single-handedly rescues Candide from a number of scrapes. He is also directly responsible for Candides reunion with Cunà ©gonde. As a practical man of action, he stands in direct opposition  to ineffectual philosophers such as Pangloss and Martin. In my opinion, Cacambo is the most rational character of the story. Everything he does throughout the story is rational in helping his friend Candide in his journey of love. He saves Candide over and over, which is a very rational thing to do for a friend. The old woman was born the daughter of a Pope. She has experienced the death of a fiancà ©, rape by pirates, slavery, and cannibalism in wartime. She becomes Cunà ©gondes servant. Her misfortunes have made her cyn ical about human nature, but she does not give in to self-pity. She is wise, practical, and loyal to her mistress. Though she has often been close to suicide, she always finds a reason to live. I think that the old lady falls under the category of rational because of her reactions. She has simply had a tough life, and instead of being depressed or overly optimistic, I believe that she has found a good balance. The farmer has a modest farm outside Constantinople.  Candide and his friends are impressed with his lifestyle of hard work and simple pleasures, and adopt it for themselves. I believe that the farmer is rational because he ignores the sin and temptations of the city to live a simple, hardworking life and earn his own way through life rather than have any real help. Every rational character is contradicted by an equally irrational character. Pangloss is a philosopher and Candides tutor. His optimistic belief that this world is the best of all possible worlds is the primary target of the novels satire. Panglosss own experiences challenge this belief, but he remains faithful to it nonetheless. He is an exaggerated parody of overly optimistic Enlightenment philosophers. Pangloss is irrational in my opinion because he has had so many misfortunes in his life that he has the right to be at least a little bit sad. Yet, he stays way more optimistic than anyone in their right mind should be. I also believe that Pangloss philosophy itself is irrational because nothing in this world is perfect, and his biggest belief seems to be that everything is perfect and happens for a reason. This couldnt be more untrue. Martin is a cynical scholar whom Candide befriends as a travel companion. Martin has suffered a great deal in his life and preaches a philosophy of u ndiluted pessimism. More knowledgeable and intelligent than either Candide or Pangloss, Martin is nonetheless a flawed philosopher. Because he always expects nothing but the worst from the world, he often has trouble seeing the world as it really is. Martin is irrational for exactly the opposite reason of Pangloss. I believe that Martin is irrationally over pessimistic. Everyone has a little pessimism in their life, but it seems as though Martin lives by it. I mean he has the right to be sad about some of the things that have happened to him, but there has been good too that Martin seems unaware of. His pessimistic character is a little bit over the top. Cunà ©gonde is the daughter of a German baron who acts as Candides benefactor until he discovers Candides love for his daughter. Throughout much of the novel, Cunà ©gonde is young and beautiful. After her fathers castle is destroyed in war, a number of exploitative men enslave her or use her as a mistress. Cunà ©gonde returns Can dides love but is willing to betray him for the sake of her own interests. Like him, she is neither intelligent nor complex. Her very blandness casts a satiric light on Candides mad romantic passion for her. She is irrational because she has someone who loves her so much and would do anything to be with her and she doesnt seem like she really cares. There are people who would die to find someone like that. It appears as though she cares more about herself than others or what others are doing for her. I believe that is both irrational and stupid. The baron is Cunà ©gondes brother. After his familys castle is destroyed in wartime, he becomes a Jesuit priest. It is implied numerous times that he has homosexual tendencies. He is arrogant about his familys noble lineage and, though he is fond of the commoner Candide, he refuses to allow Candide to marry Cunà ©gonde. His egotism towards his family and his denial of Candides marriage proposal to his sister is irrational and unnecessary. In conclusion, the story Candide, in my opinion gives the reader a lesson on what reason is through the presentation of rational and irrational characters.

Impact of Advertising on American Society Essay -- BTEC Business Marke

Impact of Advertising on American Society American society has changed drastically over the past years and some people say advertisements reflect the society that we live in now. Advertising in our society encourages unhealthy habits, focuses in on our weaknesses and leads us to believe that we are materialistic. Advertisements can also change our vision of reality and makes us believe the impossible. Advertisements use sexual and racial stereotypes to help sell their products. People in our society encourage the commercials that demonstrate these things, like focus in on our weaknesses. A recent commercial I just saw advertising for Pizza Hut uses sex and famous people to promote their product. The ad was introducing their new Four for All pizza. Jessica Simpson, a young popular singer, was eating this new pizza (four separate squares, with four different toppings but considered one pizza) and Kermit the Frog was in the same room with all the Muppets. Jessica Simpson said to Kermit, "Kermmy, there is some for you, your favorite." Kermit then blushed and floating hearts appeared above his head. The next scene was Jessica Simpson sits on the couch next to Kermit, and Miss Piggy walked over to Jessica and pushed her off the couch because she was jealous. Then the slogan came on the screen, "Everyone Gets What They Want." Then, their famous slogan, "Gather ‘Round the Good Stuff." This commercial in a way does reflect our society. The producers put famous people or characters in this commercial, Jessica Simpson and the Muppets, to get more publicity so more people will actually watch it and pay attention to it. Or maybe the producers thought that people would think since Jessica Simpson or Kermit the Frog eat this new pizz... ...d it was very inappropriate for television. The whole point is, that commercial will stick in the head and this will give more publicity for Budweiser, even if it was unacceptable to a lot of people. I never actually saw it, but I read an article about it in the newspaper. So I prove my point, that it will stick in people’s heads since it was so controversial. It did for me at least! People will always remember commercials that were offending and debatable. Producers are only trying to please our society. So overall, I definitely believe advertising is based on our society. We live in a world where everything has to be easier and more convenient for us, that we need to get everything we can, and we strive to be perfect. Advertising does focus in on our weaknesses and does lead us to unhealthy habits. So we are the one’s that make advertisements the way are today.